1. HIV I & II (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
- Tests for the presence of antibodies or antigens related to HIV types 1 and 2.
- Detects early-stage HIV infection, which, if untreated, can lead to AIDS.
- Important for early diagnosis and treatment.
2. HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen)
- Screens for Hepatitis B virus infection.
- Presence of HBsAg indicates active Hepatitis B infection, which can cause liver damage or increase the risk of liver cancer.
- Helps monitor the need for treatment or vaccination.
3. Anti-HCV (Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies)
- Detects antibodies produced in response to Hepatitis C infection.
- A positive result suggests past or current infection, requiring further tests to confirm active disease.
- Early detection is crucial to prevent liver damage.
4. VDRL (RPR) – TPHA (Syphilis Screening)
- VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) or RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin): Initial test for syphilis, identifying active infection through antibodies.
- TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay): Confirms syphilis by detecting specific antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the bacteria causing syphilis.
5. HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) IgG, IgM (Types I & II)
- Detects antibodies (IgG and IgM) against HSV:
- HSV-1: Commonly associated with oral herpes.
- HSV-2: Primarily linked to genital herpes.
- Differentiates between recent (IgM) and past (IgG) infections.
6. N. gonorrhoeae (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
- Identifies gonorrhea, a bacterial STD that affects the genitals, throat, or rectum.
- If untreated, it can cause complications like pelvic inflammatory disease or infertility.
7. C. trachomatis (Chlamydia trachomatis)
- Detects Chlamydia infection, one of the most common STDs.
- Symptoms might be mild or absent, but untreated infections can lead to severe reproductive health issues.
8. M. genitalium (Mycoplasma genitalium)
- A less commonly tested but significant bacterial STD causing symptoms similar to chlamydia.
- Often linked to urethritis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
- Known for being resistant to certain antibiotics, making early detection important.